This is a very good listen as the speaker addresses the challenges of replacing liquid fuels based cars with EVs such as..

1) Finding enough critical minerals to build the batteries required.  The minerals do exist.. in Africa, China etc.. everywhere but the US.. where we are currently the #1 producer of petroleum in the history of the planet.

2) where does the energy come from to mine these rare earths?  Given 1% yields.. aka move 100 tons to refine 1 ton of copper.  With the easy stuff already found.. sure like tight crude production.. we can probably find more.. but.. it won’t be easy.

3) In order to charge batteries fast.. you need super chargers.. which take tremendous resources.. if you can wait to charge your car over night.. fine.. if you want to take a trip.. and charge fast.. that takes 10 times the power.. capacity.. transmissions.. etc.  it’s probably not possible to replace fossil fuel convenience with EV across the scale which fossil fuels currently provide.  We haven’t run into those constraints yet.. because we don’t have a significant market share of EVs.. yet.

4) Who will build the mines.. where.. with the appropriate permits.. to sustain the enormous resources needed.. at the prices.. which will make it feasible.  The planet is littered with abandoned mines which didn’t payout enough to sustain themselves.. aka.. it’s cheaper to import lithium from China.. than.. even though it’s possible.. but not feasible.. to mine it elsewhere.

5) where do we get the transformers?  We need to up x 10 or more.. while the resources to make them are diverted to EV batteries?

6) etc..  things which may be possible from an engineering perspective.. however, will not scale up.. at the size.. some are claiming.. or projecting.  We can augment.. supplement.. extend.. fossil fuels but it’s going to be really hard to replace.  If not impossible at the efficiencies we take for granted today.

 https://youtu.be/BUnFuz097Gc?si=4fC28h9Vi0z5HhuW